define and classify tranquilizers with examples. write structures, chemical names and uses of phe

Tranquilizers are a type of drug that is used to reduce anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and related states of mental disturbance. They are also known as anxiolytics. Tranquilizers are classified into two main categories:

1. Minor Tranquilizers: These are used to treat minor cases of anxiety and tension. They are also used as sleeping pills. Examples include Benzodiazepines such as Diazepam (Valium), Alprazolam (Xanax), and Lorazepam (Ativan).

2. Major Tranquilizers: These are used to treat severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are also known as antipsychotics. Examples include Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and Haloperidol (Haldol).

Phenobarbital is an example of a tranquilizer. Its chemical name is 5-Ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid and its structure is as follows:

 O
||

C-C5H5 | N /
C2H5 C-O | C || O

Phenobarbital is used as a sedative and an anticonvulsant. It is used to treat or prevent seizures, and to relieve anxiety. It can also be used to treat trouble sleeping.