Summative assessment is …a.diagnosticb.certifying judgementc.continuousd.None of the above

Break Down the Problem

1. Identify the meaning of "summative assessment."
2. Analyze the options provided (diagnostic, certifying judgement, continuous, none of the above) to determine which one accurately describes summative assessment.

Relevant Concepts

1. Summative Assessment: Typically refers to evaluations that measure student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark.

Analysis and Detail

1. Option a: Diagnostic - Diagnostic assessments are designed to diagnose learning needs and are usually conducted before instruction begins.
2. Option b: Certifying judgement - This aligns more closely with the purpose of summative assessments, as they often lead to a judgment on student achievement or performance (certification of learning).
3. Option c: Continuous - Continuous assessments are formative, meant to monitor student learning on an ongoing basis.
4. Option d: None of the above - This option suggests that none of the provided definitions fit, but we need to check if “certifying judgement” fits better than the other options.

Verify and Summarize

Upon reviewing the definitions and the characteristics of summative assessments, option b (certifying judgement) is the most applicable. Summative assessments typically evaluate and certify the level of student achievement at the conclusion of a specific timeframe.

Final Answer

b. certifying judgement