The process of glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, and in the process produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of the cell.

Here are the steps:

1. Glycogen, a storage form of glucose, is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. This does not require ATP and is therefore an energy-neutral step.

2. Glucose-6-phosphate is then converted to fructose-6-phosphate. This step also does not require ATP.

3. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase, using one ATP. This is the first ATP-consuming step, so the net ATP is -1 at this point.

4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is then split into two three-carbon molecules, each of which is converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This step does not require ATP.

5. Each glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is then converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, producing one NADH in the process. This step also does not require ATP.

6. Each 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is then converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, producing one ATP. Since there are two 1,3-bisphosphoglycerates for each glucose, this step produces 2 ATP, bringing the net ATP to +1.

7. Each 3-phosphoglycerate is then converted into 2-phosphoglycerate, and then into phosphoenolpyruvate. These steps do not require ATP.

8. Each phosphoenolpyruvate is then converted into pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase, producing one ATP. Since there are two phosphoenolpyruvates for each glucose, this step produces 2 ATP, bringing the net ATP to +3.

So, if muscle glycogen is the initial substrate, the net production of ATP during glycolysis is 3.

Question

The process of glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, and in the process produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of the cell.

Here are the steps:

1. Glycogen, a storage form of glucose, is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. This does not require ATP and is therefore an energy-neutral step.

2. Glucose-6-phosphate is then converted to fructose-6-phosphate. This step also does not require ATP.

3. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase, using one ATP. This is the first ATP-consuming step, so the net ATP is -1 at this point.

4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is then split into two three-carbon molecules, each of which is converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This step does not require ATP.

5. Each glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is then converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, producing one NADH in the process. This step also does not require ATP.

6. Each 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is then converted into 3-phosphoglycerate, producing one ATP. Since there are two 1,3-bisphosphoglycerates for each glucose, this step produces 2 ATP, bringing the net ATP to +1.

7. Each 3-phosphoglycerate is then converted into 2-phosphoglycerate, and then into phosphoenolpyruvate. These steps do not require ATP.

8. Each phosphoenolpyruvate is then converted into pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase, producing one ATP. Since there are two phosphoenolpyruvates for each glucose, this step produces 2 ATP, bringing the net ATP to +3.

So, if muscle glycogen is the initial substrate, the net production of ATP during glycolysis is 3.

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