Which interferon is a biological response modifiers, that activates immune system for destroying tumor ?A α B β C γ D Both (2) and (3)

1. Break Down the Problem

We need to identify which type of interferon acts as a biological response modifier that activates the immune system to destroy tumors. The options are:

• A: α (alpha)
• B: β (beta)
• C: γ (gamma)
• D: Both (2) and (3) (which refers to β and γ)

2. Relevant Concepts

Interferons are a group of signaling proteins that are critical in the immune response to viral infections and other diseases, including cancer. There are three main types of interferons:

• Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
• Interferon-beta (IFN-β)
• Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

3. Analysis and Detail

• Interferon-alpha (IFN-α): Used in the treatment of certain cancers, particularly melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, it activates immune cells, enhances the cytotoxicity of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and promotes the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules.

• Interferon-beta (IFN-β): Primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and has some anti-tumor effects, but is not primarily known for activating immune responses against tumors.

• Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): Plays a significant role in enhancing the immune response against tumors and has strong anti-tumor properties by activating macrophages, increasing antigen presentation, and promoting T-cell activation.

4. Verify and Summarize

Given the roles of each interferon, we conclude that:

• IFN-α is known for its tumor-related applications.
• IFN-γ enhances immune activity against tumors.
• IFN-β does not primarily serve as a tumor immunomodulator.

Thus, the option that encompasses both α and γ would be best.

Final Answer

D: Both (2) and (3) (which refers to β and γ) is the correct answer for the question about interferons that activate the immune system for destroying tumors.