The instructions for building a protein that plays a particular role in the body are provided by DNA. Here are the steps:

1. Transcription: The first step in protein synthesis is transcription. In this process, the DNA's information is transferred to a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA strand unwinds and serves as a template for the mRNA molecule.

2. mRNA Processing: Once the mRNA is formed, it undergoes several modifications before it can be used as a template for protein synthesis. These modifications include the addition of a cap and tail, which protect the mRNA from degradation and assist in its transport out of the nucleus.

3. Translation: The processed mRNA molecule then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. Here, it binds to a ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. The ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in sets of three bases (codons). Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid.

4. tRNA Matching: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches the codon on the mRNA. The ribosome attaches these amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein.

5. Protein Folding: Once the protein chain is complete, it folds into a specific shape that allows it to perform its function in the body. This process is guided by chaperone proteins.

6. Post-Translational Modifications: After the protein is folded, it may undergo further modifications that enable it to perform its specific function more effectively. These can include the addition of other molecules, such as phosphates or carbohydrates, or the removal of certain amino acids.

This is a simplified explanation of the process. The actual process is much more complex and involves many other molecules and processes.

Question

The instructions for building a protein that plays a particular role in the body are provided by DNA. Here are the steps:

1. Transcription: The first step in protein synthesis is transcription. In this process, the DNA's information is transferred to a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA strand unwinds and serves as a template for the mRNA molecule.

2. mRNA Processing: Once the mRNA is formed, it undergoes several modifications before it can be used as a template for protein synthesis. These modifications include the addition of a cap and tail, which protect the mRNA from degradation and assist in its transport out of the nucleus.

3. Translation: The processed mRNA molecule then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. Here, it binds to a ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. The ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in sets of three bases (codons). Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid.

4. tRNA Matching: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches the codon on the mRNA. The ribosome attaches these amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein.

5. Protein Folding: Once the protein chain is complete, it folds into a specific shape that allows it to perform its function in the body. This process is guided by chaperone proteins.

6. Post-Translational Modifications: After the protein is folded, it may undergo further modifications that enable it to perform its specific function more effectively. These can include the addition of other molecules, such as phosphates or carbohydrates, or the removal of certain amino acids.

This is a simplified explanation of the process. The actual process is much more complex and involves many other molecules and processes.

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