In living organisms, information for making proteins flows from ___________________.

In living organisms, information for making proteins flows from DNA to RNA to protein. This is known as the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Here are the steps:

1. DNA Replication: The process begins with the replication of DNA. In this process, the DNA molecule creates two identical copies of itself.

2. Transcription: The next step is transcription, where the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (specifically messenger RNA or mRNA) in the cell nucleus.

3. Translation: The mRNA carries this information to the cell's protein-making machinery (the ribosomes). Here, in a process called translation, the mRNA is used as a template to build a protein.

So, the flow of information is: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.