A subgroup that is representative of a population is calleda categorydataa sample

The correct answer is a sample.

In research and statistics, a sample is defined as a subset of a population that is selected for the purpose of conducting a study. This subset is intended to represent the larger population from which it is drawn, allowing researchers to make inferences or generalizations about the overall population without needing to examine every individual.

For example, if a researcher wants to study the eating habits of teenagers in a city, they might survey a sample of 200 teenagers. By ensuring that this sample reflects the diversity in terms of age, gender, socioeconomic status, and other relevant factors, the researcher can effectively gather insights that are applicable to the entire population of teenagers in that city. Using samples is a fundamental practice in statistics as it makes research feasible and helps in drawing conclusions while saving time and resources.