nterleaved Schedule Interleaved schedule provides concurrentexecution BUT Three problems of concurrent access may beencountered

Interleaved Schedule: An Overview

Interleaved scheduling allows multiple processes to be executed in an overlapping manner, providing the illusion of concurrency. While this approach increases the efficiency of resource use and boosts system performance, there are three primary issues that can arise from concurrent access to shared resources.

1. Race Conditions: This occurs when multiple processes attempt to read and write shared data simultaneously, leading to unpredictable results. For example, if two processes read a variable's value and then write new values back, the final value may depend on the order of execution, which is not guaranteed.

2. Deadlock: A deadlock happens when two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for each other to release resources. In such cases, each process holds a resource and waits for the resource held by another process, resulting in a standstill.

3. Starvation: This situation arises when certain processes are perpetually denied necessary resources for execution. This might happen in a non-fair scheduling algorithm where some processes are always prioritized over others, preventing lesser-priority processes from ever getting CPU time.

Conclusion

Understanding these problems is critical for designing effective interleaved scheduling algorithms. Solutions, such as using locks, semaphores, and ensuring fair scheduling practices, can minimize these issues and help ensure smooth concurrent executions. Proper synchronization mechanisms are essential to maintain data integrity and ensure that processes can operate reliably without interfering with one another.