Calculate number of electrons, protons & neutrons in the following :i. Oxide ion ii. Potassium ion

i. Oxide Ion (O²⁻)

• Protons: The atomic number of oxygen is 8, which means there are 8 protons.
• Electrons: The oxide ion has a charge of -2, which means it has gained 2 extra electrons. So, it has 8 (original electrons) + 2 (extra electrons) = 10 electrons.
• Neutrons: The most common isotope of oxygen has an atomic mass of 16. Subtracting the number of protons (8) from the atomic mass (16) gives the number of neutrons, which is 8.

ii. Potassium Ion (K⁺)

• Protons: The atomic number of potassium is 19, which means there are 19 protons.
• Electrons: The potassium ion has a charge of +1, which means it has lost one electron. So, it has 19 (original electrons) - 1 (lost electron) = 18 electrons.
• Neutrons: The most common isotope of potassium has an atomic mass of 39. Subtracting the number of protons (19) from the atomic mass (39) gives the number of neutrons, which is 20.