According to Brunner's three-tiered model of learning, one of it means ‘‘Learning by Doing’’. What is it ?SymbolicTentonicIconicEnactive

In Brunner's three-tiered model of learning, the tier that represents "Learning by Doing" is known as Enactive learning. This approach emphasizes active engagement and hands-on experiences as integral to the learning process. Enactive learning involves learners gaining knowledge through direct manipulation of objects and participation in physical activities, which helps solidify understanding through practice.

To elaborate further:

1. Enactive Learning: This is the foundational level of Brunner's model, where learners engage physically with their environment. For example, students might learn about physics concepts by experimenting with different weights and pulleys rather than just reading about them.

2. Iconic Learning: This second level involves learning through visual representations. At this stage, learners would work with images, diagrams, and models to understand concepts.

3. Symbolic Learning: The highest level of the model, symbolic learning includes the use of abstract concepts and language, such as formulas and written words, to convey knowledge.

Overall, the enactive tier highlights the importance of direct involvement in the learning process as a means of understanding and retaining information.