(c) (i) Define coductometric titrations.(ii) State two critical precautions that should be taken while carrying out conductometric titrations

(i) Conductometric titrations are a type of titration in which the electrolytic conductivity of the reaction mixture is continuously measured as one reactant is added. The end-point of the titration process is identified as the point at which the measured conductivity shows a sudden change. In other words, it is a method of volumetric analysis where the progress of a chemical reaction is monitored by measuring the electrical conductivity of the solution.

(ii) Two critical precautions that should be taken while carrying out conductometric titrations are:

1. Temperature Control: The temperature of the solution should be kept constant throughout the titration process because conductivity is affected by temperature. Any changes in temperature can lead to inaccurate results.

2. Electrode Calibration: The electrodes used to measure conductivity should be properly calibrated and cleaned. Any impurities on the electrode can affect the conductivity measurement and lead to inaccurate results.