A successor was chosen by a group of Muhammad’s closest followers was calledGroup of answer choicesSheiikhShiiahSultanCaliphEmam

The successor chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers is referred to as a Caliph.

Explanation:

1. Caliph: The term denotes the political and religious leader in the Islamic community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
2. Sheiikh: This term is often used to denote an elder or religious leader, but it does not specifically refer to a political successor.
3. Shiiah: This is a branch of Islam that believes in the leadership of Muhammad's family, specifically Ali, instead of the elected caliphs.
4. Sultan: This title is used for a ruler or royal title in some Islamic countries but is not directly associated with the successor of Muhammad.
5. Emam: This term refers to a leader of prayer in a mosque, particularly significant in Shia Islam, but it does not denote the political leadership role like Caliph.

Thus, the correct answer to the question is Caliph.