The distance from the sea increases, its moderating influence decrease and the people experience extreme weather conditions. The condition is known as

The condition described is known as "continentality."

Explanation:

Continentality refers to the climatic phenomenon where areas situated away from large bodies of water, like seas or oceans, experience greater temperature fluctuations throughout the year. This occurs because water has a high heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and store a significant amount of heat without a corresponding large change in temperature. As the distance from the ocean increases, the influence of this moderating factor diminishes, leading to more extreme weather patterns.

In continental areas, summers tend to be hotter and winters colder than in coastal regions. For example, cities located inland can have temperature variations that exceed those found in coastal cities. This is particularly evident in areas with a significant land mass, where the absence of water bodies means that there is less stabilization of temperatures. Thus, people living in these regions are more likely to experience harsher weather conditions year-round.