What is the order of stability of the following carbocations ?(I) CH2=CH−C⊕H2I CH2=CH-C⊕H2 (II) CH3−C⊕H2;II CH3-C⊕H2; (III)III
Question
What is the order of stability of the following carbocations ?
-
(I)
CH2=CH−C⊕H2
I
CH2=CH-C⊕H2 -
(II)
CH3−C⊕H2
II
CH3-C⊕H2 -
(III)
III
Solution
The stability of carbocations is determined by the number of alkyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon. This is known as the "inductive effect", where alkyl groups, being electron-releasing, can help to stabilize the positive charge on the carbon.
The order of stability for carbocations is as follows: 3° (tertiary) > 2° (secondary) > 1° (primary) > methyl.
Let's classify each of the given carbocations:
(I) CH2=CH−C⊕H2: This is a secondary (2°) carbocation, because the positively charged carbon is connected to two other carbons.
(II) CH3−C⊕H2: This is a primary (1°) carbocation, because the positively charged carbon is connected to only one other carbon.
(III) It seems like the structure for the third carbocation is not provided in the question.
Based on the given information, the order of stability would be: (I) > (II). If the third carbocation were a tertiary (3°) carbocation, it would be the most stable. If it were a methyl carbocation, it would be the least stable.
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