Describe how each of the following functions occurs in the human body.a. Smellb. Tastec. Visiond. Equilibriume. Hearing

a. Smell: The process of smelling, also known as olfaction, begins when molecules released by substances around us stimulate special nerve cells in the nose, known as olfactory cells. These cells transmit a signal to the brain, which identifies the smell.

b. Taste: The sense of taste, also known as gustation, occurs when taste buds on the tongue interact with certain molecules in our food. These taste buds can identify five basic tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. The taste buds send signals to the brain, which then identifies the taste.

c. Vision: Vision begins when light enters the eye through the cornea. The light then passes through the pupil and the lens, which focus the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert the light into electrical signals. These signals are sent to the brain via the optic nerve, and the brain interprets these signals as images.

d. Equilibrium: Equilibrium, or balance, is maintained by the vestibular system in the inner ear. This system includes three semicircular canals that contain fluid and fine, hair-like structures that sense the rotation of the head. Two other structures, the utricle and the saccule, sense gravity and linear movement. Signals from these structures are sent to the brain, which uses this information to maintain balance and equilibrium.

e. Hearing: The process of hearing, or audition, begins when sound waves enter the ear and hit the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. These vibrations are transferred to the three small bones in the middle ear, which amplify the sound and send it to the cochlea in the inner ear. The cochlea is filled with fluid and contains tiny hair cells that move with the vibrations and create electrical signals. These signals are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve, and the brain interprets these signals as sound.