You decide that sugar is present in a cup of coffee in which there is no sugar. This is aQuestion 4Answera.false alarm.b.correct rejection.c.hit.d.miss.

Break Down the Problem

1. Identify the context: A decision-making scenario regarding the presence of sugar in a coffee.
2. Define the terms:
   • False alarm: Incorrectly identifying something that is not there as present.
   • Correct rejection: Correctly identifying that something is absent.
   • Hit: Correctly identifying something that is present.
   • Miss: Failing to identify something that is present.

Relevant Concepts

• In this situation, the decision is about detecting sugar in coffee where there is none. This implicates the types of errors one may encounter in signal detection theory.

Analysis and Detail

1. The cup of coffee contains no sugar.
2. The decision made is that sugar is present in the coffee.
3. This constitutes a false identification of a stimulus that is not there (sugar).
4. Therefore, the answer corresponds to the situation where an alarm is sounded for something absent (sugar), indicating a false alarm.

Verify and Summarize

• Given the definitions and context of the detection situation, the conclusion is that the decision made (detecting sugar when none is present) corresponds specifically to a false alarm.

Final Answer

a. false alarm.