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A carboxylic acid is named in the IUPAC system by replacing the –e in the name of the parent alkane with –oic acid. –oic. –carboxylic acid. acid.

Question

A carboxylic acid is named in the IUPAC system by replacing the

  • the –e in the name of the parent alkane with –oic acid.
  • –oic.
  • –carboxylic acid.
  • acid.
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Solution

It seems like you're asking how to name a carboxylic acid in the IUPAC system. Here are the steps:

  1. Identify the longest carbon chain that contains the carboxyl group (COOH). This chain is the parent alkane.

  2. Replace the "-e" in the name of the parent alkane with "-oic acid". For example, if the parent alkane is methane, the carboxylic acid would be methanoic acid. If the parent alkane is ethane, the carboxylic acid would be ethanoic acid.

  3. If there are any substituents on the carbon chain, identify them and their positions on the chain. These are prefixed to the name of the carboxylic acid. For example, if there is a methyl group on the second carbon of a propane chain, the carboxylic acid would be named 2-methylpropanoic acid.

  4. If there is more than one carboxyl group, use the suffix "-dioic acid" instead of "-oic acid". For example, a two carbon chain with a carboxyl group on each end would be named ethanedioic acid.

  5. The carboxyl carbon is always considered to be carbon 1, and the chain is numbered from there for the purposes of identifying the positions of any substituents.

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