Explain how multiple catch can be used in exception handling mechanism in Java? Give me the content for 5 marks

In Java, we can use multiple catch blocks under a single try block to handle different types of exceptions. This is known as multi-catch exception handling in Java. Here's how it works:

1. Try Block: The try block contains a set of statements where an exception can occur. It is always followed by at least one catch or finally block.

2. Multiple Catch Blocks: If an exception occurs in the try block, the corresponding catch block that handles that particular exception is executed. For each try block, we can have multiple catch blocks, each designed to handle a specific type of exception. The catch blocks must be ordered from most specific to most general in terms of the exceptions they catch.

3. Exception Handling: When an exception occurs in a try block, the corresponding catch block that handles that particular exception is executed. If no specific catch block is found, the exception will be handled by the catch block that handles the parent exception class.

4. Flow of Execution: After the execution of the corresponding catch block, the control is transferred to the next statement following the try-catch block. If there is no matching catch block found, then an unhandled exception error is thrown.

5. Example:

try {
    // code that may raise exceptions
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    // handle ArithmeticException
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
    // handle NullPointerException
} catch (Exception e) {
    // handle all other exceptions
}

In this example, if an ArithmeticException occurs, the first catch block will handle it. If a NullPointerException occurs, the second catch block will handle it. If an exception other than ArithmeticException and NullPointerException occurs, the third catch block will handle it.

This mechanism of handling exceptions not only makes the code more readable and organized but also provides a way to handle specific exceptions in a specific manner.