Explain Lossy type of transmission line. Elaborate how the primary &secondary constants get simplified in case of Lossless and Distortionless line.

Lossy transmission lines are a type of transmission line where there is a loss of energy as the signal propagates along the line. This loss can be due to various factors such as resistance, dielectric losses, or conductor losses.

In the case of lossless transmission lines, the primary and secondary constants are simplified because there is no loss of energy along the line. The primary constants, which include the resistance per unit length (R), inductance per unit length (L), conductance per unit length (G), and capacitance per unit length (C), are simplified to just the inductance and capacitance per unit length (L and C) since there is no resistance or conductance.

Similarly, in the case of distortionless transmission lines, the primary and secondary constants are also simplified. Distortionless lines are lossless lines that have a constant characteristic impedance (Z0) along the entire length of the line. The primary constants are simplified to just the characteristic impedance (Z0) and the propagation constant (γ), which represents the phase constant and attenuation constant of the line.

In summary, lossy transmission lines experience energy loss along the line, while lossless and distortionless transmission lines do not. This leads to the simplification of the primary and secondary constants in the case of lossless and distortionless lines.