Hemodynamic findings in a patient with severe bronchiectasis may show:1. decreased CVP2. increased RAP3. normal cardiac output4. increased PVR

Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition where the walls of the bronchi are thickened from inflammation and infection in the bronchi. People with bronchiectasis have periodic flare-ups of breathing difficulties, called exacerbations.

1. Decreased Central Venous Pressure (CVP): CVP refers to the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. Bronchiectasis may not directly lead to decreased CVP. However, severe exacerbations may lead to dehydration due to increased respiratory rate and decreased fluid intake, which can subsequently lead to decreased CVP.

2. Increased Right Atrial Pressure (RAP): RAP is the blood pressure inside the right atrium at the end of diastole. Severe bronchiectasis can cause pulmonary hypertension, which can increase the pressure in the right atrium (RAP).

3. Normal Cardiac Output: Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. Despite the changes in pressures, the cardiac output may remain normal in bronchiectasis patients until late stages of the disease when the patient may develop cor pulmonale (right heart failure due to lung disease).

4. Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR): PVR is the resistance offered by the vasculature of the lungs to the flow of blood. In bronchiectasis, chronic inflammation and recurrent infections can cause structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature, leading to increased PVR.

Please note that these are potential hemodynamic changes and may not be seen in all patients with severe bronchiectasis. The presence and extent of these changes can vary widely depending on the severity of the disease, the presence of other comorbid conditions, and individual patient factors.