Explicit learning expectations called _____ help to define the foundational skills for learning. a. plots b. standards c. linchpins d. narratives

The correct answer is b. standards.

Explanation:

1. Understanding Learning Expectations: Learning expectations are benchmarks that outline what students should know and be able to do at various stages of their education.

2. Role of Standards: Standards provide a clear guideline for educational objectives that encompass foundational skills necessary for effective learning.

3. Context of Other Options:

   • a. plots: Generally refers to graphical representations or storylines, not related to learning foundations.
   • c. linchpins: This term often refers to crucial elements in a system but is not typically used in educational standards.
   • d. narratives: While narratives can enhance learning, they are not explicitly defined as expectations or benchmarks.

In summary, standards are explicit criteria that help educators and students understand the skills and knowledge that are key to successful learning. They serve as a framework for assessment and curriculum development.