Absence of strikes and lock-outs is an indicator ofa.Friendly industrial relationsb.Peaceful industrial relationsc.Disturbed industrial relationd.None of these

Breakdown of the Problem

1. Understand the Terms: Define what constitutes strikes and lock-outs.
2. Analyze the Options: Evaluate which option best represents the absence of strikes and lock-outs.

Relevant Concepts

1. Industrial Relations: This refers to the relationship between employers, employees, and the government.
2. Types of Industrial Relations:
   • Friendly Industrial Relations: Generally entails cooperation and mutual understanding.
   • Peaceful Industrial Relations: Relates to harmony and absence of disputes.
   • Disturbed Industrial Relations: Indicates conflicts and disruptions.

Analysis and Detail

1. Option a: Friendly industrial relations could imply positive interactions but doesn't specifically address disputes.
2. Option b: Peaceful industrial relations specifically connote an absence of conflict, suggesting stability and harmony in the workplace.
3. Option c: Disturbed industrial relations is the opposite of what is presented and would imply the presence of strikes or lock-outs.
4. Option d: None of these is a fallback if no other options meet the criteria.

Verify and Summarize

Considering the definitions and implications of each option, absence of strikes and lock-outs most closely aligns with “peaceful industrial relations”. Therefore, the absence indicates a stable relationship among parties in the working environment.

Final Answer

b. Peaceful industrial relations