The expectancy theory focuses on the following factors except:Select one:a.Effectivityb.Instrumentalityc.Valenced.Expectancy

To answer the question, we need to identify the factors that the expectancy theory focuses on and determine which one is not included.

Step 1: Understand the expectancy theory The expectancy theory is a motivation theory that suggests that individuals are motivated to act in certain ways based on their beliefs about the outcomes of their actions. It focuses on three main factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Step 2: Identify the factors included in the expectancy theory The factors included in the expectancy theory are: a. Expectancy: This refers to the belief that effort will lead to performance. It is the individual's perception of the likelihood that their efforts will result in successful performance. b. Instrumentality: This refers to the belief that performance will lead to certain outcomes or rewards. It is the individual's perception of the relationship between performance and the desired outcomes. c. Valence: This refers to the value or attractiveness of the outcomes or rewards. It is the individual's perception of the desirability of the outcomes that may be achieved.

Step 3: Determine the factor that is not included Based on the given options, the factor that is not included in the expectancy theory is: d. Effectivity

Therefore, the correct answer is d. Effectivity.