The earliest studies of feedback date back to:Question 13Select one:a.E. L. Thorndikeb.John B. Watsoc.B.F. Skinnerd.Mary Hambleton

The question is asking for the earliest studies of feedback. The options given are E. L. Thorndike, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Mary Hambleton. To answer this question, we need to know who among these individuals conducted the earliest studies on feedback.

1. E. L. Thorndike: Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University. His work on comparative psychology and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism and helped lay the scientific foundation for educational psychology.

2. John B. Watson: John Broadus Watson was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, which was given at Columbia University in 1913.

3. B.F. Skinner: Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He conducted pioneering work in experimental psychology and advocated for behaviorism, which seeks to understand behavior as a function of environmental histories of reinforcement.

4. Mary Hambleton: There is not much information available on Mary Hambleton in the context of psychology or feedback studies.

Among these four, E. L. Thorndike is known to have conducted some of the earliest studies on feedback in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, the answer is a. E. L. Thorndike.