Which of the following are mediated by antigen-specific T-cells and nonspecific cells of the immune system?

The immune responses mediated by antigen-specific T-cells and nonspecific cells of the immune system include:

1. Cell-Mediated Immunity: This type of immunity involves T-cells (specifically CD4+ helper T-cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells) that respond to specific antigens presented by infected or abnormal cells. These T-cells can then activate other immune cells, including nonspecific cells like macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells.

2. Th1 and Th2 Responses: Helper T-cells can differentiate into Th1 and Th2 subsets, which facilitate different aspects of the immune response. Th1 cells typically enhance the responses of macrophages and are important for fighting intracellular pathogens, while Th2 cells support B-cell activation and antibody production, influencing the activity of nonspecific phagocytes.

3. Inflammatory Response: T-cells can release cytokines that recruit nonspecific immune cells (like neutrophils and macrophages) to the site of infection or injury, enhancing the overall immune response.

In summary, both antigen-specific T-cells and nonspecific immune cells (such as macrophages and granulocytes) work together to elicit an effective immune response against pathogens.