Infants and toddlers learn through sensory perception and motor activity.SensorimotorPreoperationalConcrete-OperationalFormal Operations

It seems like you're referring to Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Here's a brief explanation of each stage:

1. Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years old): In this stage, infants and toddlers learn about the world through their senses and motor activities. They learn about cause and effect, and about the existence of objects even when they can't see them (object permanence).

2. Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years old): In this stage, children start to use language and symbols (like words or drawings) to represent objects. They tend to be egocentric (thinking everyone sees the world as they do) and struggle with understanding other people's perspectives.

3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years old): In this stage, children start to think logically about concrete events. They understand the concept of conservation (that quantity doesn't change even if its shape does), and they can perform mental operations, but only with concrete objects/events.

4. Formal Operational Stage (12 years old and up): In this stage, people can think abstractly and hypothetically. They can perform mental operations even with abstract concepts, and they can think about multiple variables at once.

Each stage represents the way children understand the world at different ages.